[Prologue: The Rise of the Danish Nation] (lines 1-85, pp. 33-34)
1. Shield was first an orphan that ascended to king status. His funeral was very grand, for he was put out in a boat with a lot of treasure as his tomb. Shield is actually an ancestor to Hrothgar.
[Heorot is Attacked] (lines 86-188, pp. 34-36)
1. Hrothgar decided to build a magnificent mead-hall, but caught the attention of Grendel, a demon ascended from Cain, who attacked the hall, killing 30 men in the first night alone. The attacks lasted for 12 years, and put Denmark and the King in a state of depression.
[The Hero Comes to Heorot] (lines 189-490, pp. 36-42)
1. Beowulf decided to come to Denmark and help Hrothgar defeat Grendel, and selects 14 of his bravest men to accommodate him.
2. The Geats first meet a Danish guard, who asks them who they are and what they are arrived to do, while shaking his spear. Beowulf responds that they are the Geats, and have came to help Hrothgar defeat the monster Grendel.
3. Hrothgar's herald is Wulfgar, who is known for his great wisdom. He tells Hrothgar about Beowulf's mission, and Hrothgar comments on how well he knew Beowulf's father, and how he remembers him as a child. I'm not too surprised that Hrothgar has a connection with Beowulf because it makes more sense now that Beowulf would come to help him.
4. Beowulf tells Hrothgar of his past glories and offers to fight Grendel without weapons. Hrothgar mended a feud between Beowulf's father and the Wulfing tribe.
[Feast at Heorot] (lines 491-661, pp. 42-46)
1. Unferth accuses Beowulf of losing a swimming match to Breca, but Beowulf counters with his own version of the story, and accuses Unferth of drunkenness. This episode shwos truly how confident and likable Beowulf is, and how people tend to believe in him.
During the feasting, the Queen brings around a goblet and makes a toast thanking God for bringing Beowulf to defeat Grendel, then sits next to Beowulf.
[The Fight with Grendel] (lines 662-835, pp. 46-49)
1. Beowulf plans on not using weapons to fight Grendel.
2. When Grendel enters Herot he kills one man and tries to swipe at Beowulf but gets his claws caught by Beowulf's string hands. Grendel tries to escape but his arm comes clean off due to the strength of Beowulf's hold on him so he escapes but is fatally wounded.
[Celebration at Heorot] (lines 836-1250, pp. 49-60)
1. Beowulf is like Sigemond in that he loves displaying his courage and valor through warring battles. However, he is unlike Sigemond in that he would rather go into battle alone and rely on his own strength, than to do well commanding others and being a leader.
2. Hrothgar is esctatic about Beowulf's deed, and celebrates his victory by awarding him many gifts. Among those gifts is a sword. Unferth is rather quiet after Beowulf succeeded, because he was proven wrong.
3. In the story of Finn the Frisians and the Danes are at war, and until Hildeburgh, a Dane, married Finn, Lord of the Frisians. This idea of using a bride as a way to heal two warring states was proved ineffective, because Hildeburgh's brother was killed when visiting her and Finn was later killed out of vengeance.
4. Wealtheow asks Hrothgar to not give Beowulf the throne, but instead to keep the throne in the bloodline.
5. Beowulf gives the necklace to Hygelac, who later wears it in the battle in which he dies. Wealtheow asks Beowulf to guide and protect her children.
6. So many men remain in the beer hall to sleep because, now that Grendel is dead, they think it is completely safe. This is a mistake because Grendel's vengeful mother comes in the night and takes one of Hrothgar's men and her son's arm.
[Another Attack] (lines 1251-1382, pp. 60-62)
1. Grendel's mother comes to Heorot to get revenge for her son's death. This is different than Grendel's reason for tormenting the hall. Grendel just enjoyed the thrill of killing the men and stopping their constant celebrations.
2. Hrothgar's response is to ask Beowulf to kill Grendel's mother. Grendel's mother had killed Aeschere who was Hrothgar's close friend and advisor.
3. The mere is a strange swampy lake, where Grendel and his mother live in an underwater cave.
Beowulf Fights Grendel’s Mother (lines 1383-1650, pg.63-68)
1. Beowulf tells Hrothgar to respond in a caring way for his own men that he should leave behind.
[Heorot is Attacked] (lines 86-188, pp. 34-36)
1. Hrothgar decided to build a magnificent mead-hall, but caught the attention of Grendel, a demon ascended from Cain, who attacked the hall, killing 30 men in the first night alone. The attacks lasted for 12 years, and put Denmark and the King in a state of depression.
[The Hero Comes to Heorot] (lines 189-490, pp. 36-42)
1. Beowulf decided to come to Denmark and help Hrothgar defeat Grendel, and selects 14 of his bravest men to accommodate him.
2. The Geats first meet a Danish guard, who asks them who they are and what they are arrived to do, while shaking his spear. Beowulf responds that they are the Geats, and have came to help Hrothgar defeat the monster Grendel.
3. Hrothgar's herald is Wulfgar, who is known for his great wisdom. He tells Hrothgar about Beowulf's mission, and Hrothgar comments on how well he knew Beowulf's father, and how he remembers him as a child. I'm not too surprised that Hrothgar has a connection with Beowulf because it makes more sense now that Beowulf would come to help him.
4. Beowulf tells Hrothgar of his past glories and offers to fight Grendel without weapons. Hrothgar mended a feud between Beowulf's father and the Wulfing tribe.
[Feast at Heorot] (lines 491-661, pp. 42-46)
1. Unferth accuses Beowulf of losing a swimming match to Breca, but Beowulf counters with his own version of the story, and accuses Unferth of drunkenness. This episode shwos truly how confident and likable Beowulf is, and how people tend to believe in him.
During the feasting, the Queen brings around a goblet and makes a toast thanking God for bringing Beowulf to defeat Grendel, then sits next to Beowulf.
[The Fight with Grendel] (lines 662-835, pp. 46-49)
1. Beowulf plans on not using weapons to fight Grendel.
2. When Grendel enters Herot he kills one man and tries to swipe at Beowulf but gets his claws caught by Beowulf's string hands. Grendel tries to escape but his arm comes clean off due to the strength of Beowulf's hold on him so he escapes but is fatally wounded.
[Celebration at Heorot] (lines 836-1250, pp. 49-60)
1. Beowulf is like Sigemond in that he loves displaying his courage and valor through warring battles. However, he is unlike Sigemond in that he would rather go into battle alone and rely on his own strength, than to do well commanding others and being a leader.
2. Hrothgar is esctatic about Beowulf's deed, and celebrates his victory by awarding him many gifts. Among those gifts is a sword. Unferth is rather quiet after Beowulf succeeded, because he was proven wrong.
3. In the story of Finn the Frisians and the Danes are at war, and until Hildeburgh, a Dane, married Finn, Lord of the Frisians. This idea of using a bride as a way to heal two warring states was proved ineffective, because Hildeburgh's brother was killed when visiting her and Finn was later killed out of vengeance.
4. Wealtheow asks Hrothgar to not give Beowulf the throne, but instead to keep the throne in the bloodline.
5. Beowulf gives the necklace to Hygelac, who later wears it in the battle in which he dies. Wealtheow asks Beowulf to guide and protect her children.
6. So many men remain in the beer hall to sleep because, now that Grendel is dead, they think it is completely safe. This is a mistake because Grendel's vengeful mother comes in the night and takes one of Hrothgar's men and her son's arm.
[Another Attack] (lines 1251-1382, pp. 60-62)
1. Grendel's mother comes to Heorot to get revenge for her son's death. This is different than Grendel's reason for tormenting the hall. Grendel just enjoyed the thrill of killing the men and stopping their constant celebrations.
2. Hrothgar's response is to ask Beowulf to kill Grendel's mother. Grendel's mother had killed Aeschere who was Hrothgar's close friend and advisor.
3. The mere is a strange swampy lake, where Grendel and his mother live in an underwater cave.
Beowulf Fights Grendel’s Mother (lines 1383-1650, pg.63-68)
1. Beowulf tells Hrothgar to respond in a caring way for his own men that he should leave behind.
2. Beowulf sinks into this water for a few hours before he enters the mere.
3 In preparation for his battle with Grendel’s mother, Beowulf dresses in his new armor he was given by Hrothgar. Beowulf brings with him a sword borrowed from Unferth.
4. When Beowulf enters the mere Grendel’s mother reaches out and pulls him under with her claws. She pulls him far enough down so that other sea monsters will not interfere with their fight.
5. When Beowulf uses the sword it is unable to cut Grendel’s mother and she remains unscathed.
6. Beowulf is protected from Grendel’s Mother largely due to his armor. To combat her attacks he uses his bare hands to break free.
7. In battle, Beowulf sees the sword of Eoten’s and uses it to slay Grendel’s mother. He then proceeds to cut off her head and a bring it back with him. The sword is melted because of the monster’s blood.
8. The men had been mourning before Beowulf returned because they thought he had failed below. The men rejoiced at the sight of their hero.
Further Celebration at Heorot (lines 1651-1798, pg. 68-71)
1. Beowulf gives Hrothgar the hilt of his sword as a symbol of his victory.
2. Hrothgar praises Beowulf but tells him that in order to be successful he needs to be a fair ruler and give wealth to the worthy. He tells the story of Heremod who was a cruel ruler who soon lost the support of his followers. The king was murdered by his people. Hrothgar urges Beowulf to not follow in his footsteps.
3. Beowulf returns Unfeth’s sword, Hrunting.
[Beowulf Returns Home] (lines 1799-2199, pp. 71-79)
4. When Beowulf enters the mere Grendel’s mother reaches out and pulls him under with her claws. She pulls him far enough down so that other sea monsters will not interfere with their fight.
5. When Beowulf uses the sword it is unable to cut Grendel’s mother and she remains unscathed.
6. Beowulf is protected from Grendel’s Mother largely due to his armor. To combat her attacks he uses his bare hands to break free.
7. In battle, Beowulf sees the sword of Eoten’s and uses it to slay Grendel’s mother. He then proceeds to cut off her head and a bring it back with him. The sword is melted because of the monster’s blood.
8. The men had been mourning before Beowulf returned because they thought he had failed below. The men rejoiced at the sight of their hero.
Further Celebration at Heorot (lines 1651-1798, pg. 68-71)
1. Beowulf gives Hrothgar the hilt of his sword as a symbol of his victory.
2. Hrothgar praises Beowulf but tells him that in order to be successful he needs to be a fair ruler and give wealth to the worthy. He tells the story of Heremod who was a cruel ruler who soon lost the support of his followers. The king was murdered by his people. Hrothgar urges Beowulf to not follow in his footsteps.
3. Beowulf returns Unfeth’s sword, Hrunting.
[Beowulf Returns Home] (lines 1799-2199, pp. 71-79)
1. Hrothgar is worried Beowuld may become too arrogant and be unable to fight successfully if there small battle victories get to his head.
2. Hygd is Geat's queen. She is a good queen where as Modthryth is a bad, evil queen.3. Beowulf plans to do this because he wants Hygelac to be aware that Ingeld and Dane may turn against Geat. Beowulf expects the result to be bad because he thinks the peace will be broken by someone bringing up the old violence and feud. Over time with everything he has been through, Beowulf has become focused, confident, and gained courage.
4. Beowulf reports that his adventures are accurate for the most part, but at times he exaggerates a little.
5. Beowulf, out of respect, gives the treasure to Hygelac. In return Hgelac gives him a jeweled sword, 7000 hides, land, a hall, and a throne.
[The Dragon Wakes] (lines 2200-2509, pp. 79-86)
1. Part 2 takes place 50 years later. The kings that have died in the meanwhile are Hygelac and Heardred. Danger now exists and it is a dragon.
2. The dragon is angry because a thief stole a goblet from the treasure trove the dragon was guarding. The treasure got there because an ancient race that was doomed to perish began to bury their treasures there, and the dragon found it.
3. The dragon came out to attack Geat people and destroyed their properties.
4. He thinks his house got burnt because he did something that displeased the gods. He orders a new shield that cannot be burned by the dragon. He ends up fighting the battle without a sword or shield, but he is bringing men with him. He is confident about this battle.
4. Beowulf reports that his adventures are accurate for the most part, but at times he exaggerates a little.
5. Beowulf, out of respect, gives the treasure to Hygelac. In return Hgelac gives him a jeweled sword, 7000 hides, land, a hall, and a throne.
[The Dragon Wakes] (lines 2200-2509, pp. 79-86)
1. Part 2 takes place 50 years later. The kings that have died in the meanwhile are Hygelac and Heardred. Danger now exists and it is a dragon.
2. The dragon is angry because a thief stole a goblet from the treasure trove the dragon was guarding. The treasure got there because an ancient race that was doomed to perish began to bury their treasures there, and the dragon found it.
3. The dragon came out to attack Geat people and destroyed their properties.
4. He thinks his house got burnt because he did something that displeased the gods. He orders a new shield that cannot be burned by the dragon. He ends up fighting the battle without a sword or shield, but he is bringing men with him. He is confident about this battle.
5. Hygelac died in Friesland during a battle by a Frankish king. Beowulf killed the Frankish king because he killed Hygelac. When Beowulf returned home Hygd offered him to be king, but he refused out of respect for his younger cousin.
6. He was killed in battle against the Swedes. He helps Eagils kill Onela, the Swedish king.
7. Twelve men including himself went with him to meet the dragon.
8. Herebeald was killed by accident by the Haethcyn with an arrow. His father died for grief over his sons death. Battles broke out between the Swedish and Geats after Herebeald's death. Haethcynwas killed during battle. Beowulf got his revenge for Hygelac's death by killing Dayraven, a Frankish warrior.
6. He was killed in battle against the Swedes. He helps Eagils kill Onela, the Swedish king.
7. Twelve men including himself went with him to meet the dragon.
8. Herebeald was killed by accident by the Haethcyn with an arrow. His father died for grief over his sons death. Battles broke out between the Swedish and Geats after Herebeald's death. Haethcynwas killed during battle. Beowulf got his revenge for Hygelac's death by killing Dayraven, a Frankish warrior.
[Beowulf Attacks the Dragon] (lines 2510-2820, pp.86-92)
1. Beowolf told them to stay back, and let him kill the dragon.
2. The first time Beowolf and the dragon fight, Beowolf gets hurt. All of his companions fled except for Wiglaf. He is different because he actually kept the promise they had all made by being brave when their leader needed them, and he tells the others this. He then helps Beowolf defeat the dragon.
3.The dragon bites Beowolf's neck, and he dies. Wiglaf kills the dragon.
4. Beowolf asks Wiglaf to go into the cave and see what treasure he earned. When he sees the gold, he gives his golden necklace, his helmet, rings etc. to Wiglaf. He asks to be buried right where the dragon was killed.
[Beowulf's Funeral] (lines 2821-3182, pp.92-99)
1. Wiglaf is angry at them for not helping in a time of need. He believes that the Geats will get destroyed.
2. The messenger announces the news of Beowolf's death. The messenger states that the treasure was cursed, and that Beowolf was never greedy. The last image is of the Dragon.
3. Wiglaf tells the crowd about Beowolf's incredible fighting skills.
4. They pushed the dragon over the cliff, thinking that it didn't deserve to be buried.
5. The crowd celebrates Beowolf's accomplishments, but are also very sad about his death.
6. They said that no better king had lived who is deserving of praise. Yes, because military heroes need to be brave because they put their life in danger for us.
1. Beowolf told them to stay back, and let him kill the dragon.
2. The first time Beowolf and the dragon fight, Beowolf gets hurt. All of his companions fled except for Wiglaf. He is different because he actually kept the promise they had all made by being brave when their leader needed them, and he tells the others this. He then helps Beowolf defeat the dragon.
3.The dragon bites Beowolf's neck, and he dies. Wiglaf kills the dragon.
4. Beowolf asks Wiglaf to go into the cave and see what treasure he earned. When he sees the gold, he gives his golden necklace, his helmet, rings etc. to Wiglaf. He asks to be buried right where the dragon was killed.
[Beowulf's Funeral] (lines 2821-3182, pp.92-99)
1. Wiglaf is angry at them for not helping in a time of need. He believes that the Geats will get destroyed.
2. The messenger announces the news of Beowolf's death. The messenger states that the treasure was cursed, and that Beowolf was never greedy. The last image is of the Dragon.
3. Wiglaf tells the crowd about Beowolf's incredible fighting skills.
4. They pushed the dragon over the cliff, thinking that it didn't deserve to be buried.
5. The crowd celebrates Beowolf's accomplishments, but are also very sad about his death.
6. They said that no better king had lived who is deserving of praise. Yes, because military heroes need to be brave because they put their life in danger for us.
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